Diabetes Type 1 in Children

Type 1 diabetes among children is an underexplored topic for the research studies because the majority of scholars resort to the analysis of adult patients. Such research results are explained by the fact that this type of disorder is more typical of adult population. Nonetheless, type 1 diabetes in children still occurs, and, therefore, additional research is required on methods, pathology, diagnosing, and treatment. All of these aspects should be discussed to define the peculiarities of managing the disease.

Pathophysiology

Cellular Level Analysis

The development vasculopathies in type 1 diabetes includes multifactorial processes involving pathological activation of vascular cells. The emission of microparticles by activated cells has been reported in disorders related to thrombotic risk. In the studies by Sabatier, Darmon, Hugel, Combes, Sanmarco, Velut, and Arnoux (2002), much attention has been paid to exploring the frequency and the activities of cellular microparticles in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetic patients created incredibly higher number of endothelial microparticles, blood cell microparticles, and higher levels of TMP-associated procoagulants. Additionally, the findings on type 1 diabetes demonstrate that TMP procoagulant activity was associated with HbA meaning that procagulant activity relates to the glucose imbalance. The findings demonstrated that a wide vesiculation process leads to the activation of several cell types related to diabetes. Additionally, for type 1 diabetic patients, TMP-procoagulant activity could engage in vascular complications.

Pathology of Clinical Manifestations (Signs and Symptoms)

As the knowledge on the disease increases, the appreciation of pathology of the clinical diagnoses can relate to the challenges involved with the treatment. Specifically, while defining the pathology of the disease, the importance of genetics requires specific attention. According to Hood, Huestis, Maher, Butler, Volkening, and Laffel (2006), “depression in children…with type 1 diabetes has been associated with negative diabetes-related health outcomes such as poorer glycolic control…and recurrent diabetic keoacidosis…admissions (p. 1389). While mechanisms are associated with depression, it is evident that the frequency of the disease and the management demands providing a favorable environment for solving the problems. It has been concluded that female participants were more likely to have depression. In addition, children are more likely to have depression as compared to adults.

Diagnosis

Sequelae of Disease Process

Type 1 diabetes in children spread worldwide in the twentieth century. However, the origin of this upheaval is underexplored. The review of literature has revealed a range of useful facts but ignored sources that reveal the major trends of the disease process and development (Gale, 2002). Hence, childhood type 1 diabetes belongs to a rare disease, but it was well recognized before insulin was introduced. Low occurrence rates were recorded in the first half of the past century, but the pathology of the disease changed over time and continues evolving. 

Diagnostic Tests

The criteria for diagnosis diabetes refer to three main approaches. First of all, it is possible to test a patient for gestational diabetes. Previous recommendations and suggestions involved screening to define the glucose level (Sabatier et al., 2002). The risk assessment should be undertaken to define the degree of the complication among children. Also, children are difficult to assess because they should undergo additional examination.

Brief Overview and r/o for Differentials

While analyzing type 1 diabetes among children, it should be stressed that children suffering from the disease have peculiar neuropsychological profiles. Specifically, it has been concluded that these profiles are congruent with compromise of medical temporal and anterior brain regions (Gale, 2002). Additionally, it has been defined that sever hypoglycemia was among the most valid explanations for the deficits. However, further exploration is required to promote further exploration.

Treatment

Pharmacologic and Non-pharmacologic Treatments and Effects on Disease Cycle

Treatment and care of patients with the diagnosis has witnesses of rapid disease evolution. Additionally, with genetically modified insulin, algorithms and glucose monitoring tools contribute to the decline in disease-induced complications. Therefore, Atkinson and Eisenbarth (2001) have introduced new principles and outlooks on the therapeutic interventions for patients with type 1 diabetes. Additionally, continuous control of glucose level can also contribute to more effective treatment for patients suffering from type 1 diabetes. Further research is required to define the obstacles and challenges for the increased effectiveness of constant monitoring of the treatment among children.

Client Self-Management, Self-care Implications and Disease Management Education

Intensive diabetes treatment is directed at reducing the risk of neurological and miscovascular neurological complications. While studying the use of intensive care, as compared with the traditional treatment standards, the attention should be given to the self-management education designed specifically for children (American Diabetes Association, 2008). There should be specific educational standards developed for children to take greater control of the disease, as well as to define the trends in effective therapeutic approaches designed for type 1 diabetes.

Conclusion

It should be stressed that childhood type 1 diabetes is a rare disease, which should be approached with specific care because in children, it is much more difficult to detect and diagnose it. Therefore, self-management education is the major concern for patients suffered from the disease and who plan to gain successful outcomes after the treatment. The standards should be designed to identify quality diabetes self-management education and analyze how these self-management techniques can contribute to the quality of treatment. In fact, the presence of the standards is a valid approach to type 1 diabetes treatment, which should be premised on a range of scientific evidence and best practices that should be constantly adjusted and revised in accordance with the current trends in therapeutic interventions.